Acknowledgements
We thank the International Collegiate Programming Contest (ICPC) for their support.
This project was a large-scale collaboration, and its success is due to the combined efforts of many individuals and teams. Hanzhao (Maggie) Lin led the overall technical direction for Gemini competitive programming and ICPC 2025 efforts, and co-led with Heng-Tze Cheng on the overall research and execution.
The leads and key contributors of the ICPC 2025 team are the following: Chenkai Kuang, Yuan Liu, Zhaoqi Leng, Jieming Mao, Lalit Jain, Chenjie Gu, Goran Žužić, Adams Yu, YaGuang Li, Xiaomeng Yang, Yang Xiao, Adam Zhang, Alex Vitvitskyi, Ashkan Norouzi Fard, Blanca Huergo, Evan Liu, Golnaz Ghiasi, Huan Gui, John Aslanides, Jonathan Lee, Kuba Lacki, Larisa Markeeva, Luheng He, Nigamaa Nayakanti, Nikos Parotsidis, Paul Covington, Petar Veličković, Qijun Tan, Ragha Kotikalapudi, Renshen Wang, Sasan Tavakkol, Shuang Liu, Sidharth Mudgal, Steve Li, Vincent Cohen-Addad, Xianghong Luo, Xinying Song, Yiming Li and Zicheng Xu.
The advanced Gemini Deep Think for ICPC was built on foundational research jointly from the Gemini post-training, Thinking and Coding areas including: Aja Huang, Andreas Kirsch, Ankesh Anand, Archit Sharma, Betty Chan, Chenxi Liu, Cosmo Du, Dawsen Hwang, Dustin Tran, Edward Lockhart, Feryal Behbahani, Fred Zhang, Garrett Bingham, Hao Zhou, Hoang Nguyen, Irene Cai, Jian Li, Jarrod Kahn, Junehyuk Jung, Junsu Kim, Kate Baumli, Kefan Xiao, Le Hou, Lei Yu, Maciej Kula, Mahan Malihi, Marcelo Menegali, Miklós Z. Horváth, Mirek Olšák, Nate Kushman, Pei Sun, Pol Moreno, Rosemary Ke, Sahitya Potluri, Shane Gu, Shubha Raghvendra, Siamak Shakeri, Sid Lall, Steven Zheng, Thang Luong, Theophane Weber, Tong He, Tianhe (Kevin) Yu, Trieu Trinh, Vikas Yadav, Vinay Ramasesh, Vinh Tran, Weiyue Wang, Wilfried Bounsi, Xiyang Luo, Yangsibo Huang, Yi Tay, Yong Cheng, Yuan Zhang, Yuri Chervonyi and Yujing Zhang.
This effort was advised by Quoc Le and Vahab Mirrokni, with program and operation management from Kristen Chiafullo, Eric Ni, Srinivas Tadepall, Jessica Lo and Sajjad Zafar.
We’d also like to thank our competitive programming experts for providing insights: Alexander Grushetsky, Chun-Sung Ferng, Ilya Kornakov, Liang Bai, Petr Mitrichev and Sergey Rogulenko.
We want to extend our deepest gratitude to the Gemini serving team: Abhijit Karmarkar, Cip Baetu, Emanuel Taropa, Evan Senter, Federico Lebron, Girish Ramchandra Rao, Greg Anielak, Hamish Tomlinson, Hayden Jeune, Jia Zhao, Joe Stanton, Jonathan Kairupan, Juliette Love, Justin Mao-Jones, Kashyap Krishnakumar, Ken Franko, Mahesh Palekar, Minh Giang, Nikhil Sethi, Rohan Jain, Rohit Varkey Thankachan, Soheil Hassas Yeganeh, Thomas Jimma and Vitor Rodrigues.
Further thanks to the following people for support, collaboration, and advice: Benoit Schillings, Ed Chi, Koray Kavukcuoglu, Jeff Dean, Oriol Vinyals, Noam Shazeer, James Manyika, Yossi Matias, Philipp Schindler, Pushmeet Kohli, Demis Hassabis, Sergey Brin, Melvin Johnson, Omer Levy, Timothy Lillicrap, Anca Dragan, Slav Petrov, Ya Xu, Madhavi Sewak, Erika Gemzer, Eugénie Rives, Erica Moreira, Tulsee Doshi, Alex Goldin, Jane Labanowski, Andy Forbes, Sean Nakamoto, Yifeng Lu, Denny Zhou, Alexander Novikov, Cristy Hayner, Hanada Tatsuki, Harsh Dhand, Ritu Ghai, Hiroki Kayama, Jenny Rizk Nicholls, Jo Chick, Pratyusha Mukherjee, Shibo Wang, Carlos Guia, Xiaofan Zhang.
Finally, we thank Dr. Bill Poucher from the ICPC global for the support and endorsement.
The ICPC global has confirmed that our submitted solutions are complete and accepted. It is important to note that their review does not extend to validating our system, processes, or underlying model.
